The field of orthodontics has witnessed significant advancements in the development of myofunctional appliances, particularly the Function Generating Bite (FGB) devices. These appliances play a crucial role in myofunctional therapy, aiming to correct bite and jaw alignment issues. While the history of FGBs is relatively short compared to other orthodontic appliances, their impact on orthodontics has been profound, with modern bionators gaining popularity in recent years.

The roots of myofunctional therapy can be traced back to the early 20th century when orthodontists began experimenting with appliances to modify jaw positions. Dr. Charles H. Tweed's activator, developed in the 1930s, was one of the earliest functional orthodontic appliances, designed to correct overbites and other jaw alignment issues. Subsequent decades saw the emergence of various functional appliances, including the Frankel appliance and the Herbst appliance, each addressing jaw misalignment in distinct ways.

In the 1950s, German dentist Wilhelm Balters introduced the bionator, a pivotal development in myofunctional appliances. This functional device held the lower jaw in a fixed, forward position, promoting lower jaw growth and addressing alignment issues. A notable advantage of the bionator was its removable nature, allowing patients to take it out for eating and oral hygiene—a convenience that set it apart from other orthodontic appliances.

The bionator quickly gained popularity due to its effectiveness in correcting various alignment issues, including overbites and deep bites. Over the decades, it underwent several modifications and improvements, leading to the existence of various types of bionators today, each with its unique design and features. Its popularity is attributed to its effectiveness and the convenience of being removable.

Alternatives and Evolution:

Despite the rise of the bionator, other functional appliances persist in orthodontic treatment. The Herbst appliance, for instance, is a fixed device addressing overbites and jaw alignment but lacks the bionator's removability. The Begg technique, introduced in the 1970s, combined fixed and removable appliances for correction, though it has undergone modifications and is no longer in common use. The Twin Block appliance, a removable option for simultaneous upper and lower jaw modification, shares similarities with the bionator but involves two separate pieces.

In German-speaking countries, Anita Kittel contributed to myofunctional therapy by developing a concept focused on correcting swallowing patterns, breathing, and teeth alignment. This approach recognizes the importance of proper teeth alignment in achieving optimal axial stress and load, leading to improved tooth stability and enhanced chewing functionality. This, in turn, positively impacts the gastrointestinal tract's functionality by improving food milling and digestive organ function.

The development of myofunctional appliances, particularly the evolution of the bionator, has significantly impacted orthodontics. From its early counterparts to modern variations, myofunctional appliances continue to play a crucial role in addressing bite and jaw alignment issues. As technology advances and our understanding of orthodontics deepens, the field is likely to see further innovations in myofunctional therapy, offering patients more effective and convenient options for improving oral health and overall well-being.